据路透社报道，最新研究显示，怀孕期间增重过多，会增加妇女分娩数十年后肥胖的风险。
这一发现或许对那些努力减肥的新妈妈而言并不奇怪，不过这些研究显示一旦怀孕期间体重增长过多的话，不利影响可能会持续数十年，增加妇女肥胖风险。
有证据表明，孕期过度增重会增加妇女分娩后肥胖风险，不过很少有科研人员对孕期增重在分娩数年后所导致的肥胖风险进行研究。
澳大利亚昆士兰大学阿卜杜拉·A·马穆恩博士和同事对2055名在1981年到1983年间生育子女的妇女的BMI指数进行分析研究。BMI指数是衡量一个人是否超重的标准测量方法。结果发现，那些孕期增重过度的妇女，在20多年后体重平均增加了20公斤，而孕期适度增重的妇女20多年后平均增加了14公斤体重，而孕期几乎没有增重的妇女体重增加了9公斤。如果考虑到妇女怀孕前的BMI指数，孕期增重同多年后的肥胖之间的关系更为明显。科研人员将这一研究结果发表在《美国临床营养学期刊》(The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)上。
该研究发现，孕期增重过多的妇女，超重的风险增加两倍，肥胖的风险翻四番。在考虑到妇女在怀孕期间是否锻炼、每天母乳喂养的时间等因素后，孕期增重过多和将来肥胖之间的关系并未改变。
马穆恩和同事表示，需要进行更多研究来揭开导致孕期增重过多的机理，并找到控制妇女孕期体重增加的策略。不过他们补充说：“是否应向超重孕妇建议控制能量摄取以控制增重过度仍存在争议。因为限制性的饮食会影响胎儿的生长。”
Associations of excess weight gain during pregnancy with long-term maternal overweight and obesity: evidence from 21 y postpartum follow-up
Background: The contribution of gestational weight gain (GWG) to the development of obesity may have important implications for mothers in their later lives. However, whether GWG is a strong predictor of body mass index (BMI) 2 decades after the index pregnancy is unknown.
Objective: We examined the long-term effect of GWG by using a community-based birth cohort study.
Design: We followed a subsample of 2055 women from an original cohort of 7223 women who gave birth in Brisbane, Australia, between 1981 and 1983. Multivariable regression and multinomial regression were used to examine the independent associations of GWG per gestational week and Institute of Medicine (IOM) categories of combined prepregnancy BMI and GWG with BMI and its categories 21 y after the index pregnancy.
Results: In analyses using GWG per week as a continuous exposure variable, maternal BMI (in kg/m2) increased, on average, by 0.52 (95% CI: 0.31, 0.73) for a 0.1-kg/wk greater GWG. This association became stronger when adjusted for maternal prepregnancy BMI. Analyses with IOM categories showed a greater postnatal increase in BMI for woman defined as having excessive GWG (3.72, on average; 95% CI: 3.12, 4.31) compared with women with adequate GWG. The women who gained excess weight during pregnancy had increased odds of being overweight [odds ratio (OR): 2.15; 95% CI: 1.64, 2.82] or obese (OR: 4.49; 95% CI; 3.42, 5.89) 21 y after the index pregnancy. These associations were independent of other potential factors.
Conclusion: Weight gain during pregnancy independently predicts the long-term weight gain and obesity of women.
